Longitudinal profiles and knickzones: the example of the rivers of the Cher basin in the northern French Massif Central   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jean-Pierre Larue 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(1):125-142

This work examines the longitudinal profiles of 27 rivers in the upper Cher basin, of various lengths, in order to characterize their shape and the knickzones (high gradient sections) that disrupt their longitudinal profiles. No smooth, concave-upwards long profile has been found in the study area, located at the contact between the Massif Central basement rocks and the Paris Basin sedimentary rocks, because of the heterogeneous geological structure and lithology. The analysis of the main knickzone parameters allows us to distinguish two knickzone assemblages: the 53 knickzones of the first have a lithological origin and are characterized by a gradient equal to or lower than that given by the power curve y = 63.306 × ^−0.4392; the 30 knickzones of the second assemblage, which have a higher gradient than that of the curve, and give clear outliers in the DS (distance-slope) plot, are due to active faulting. The locations of this second group of knickzones delimit the areas that have experienced important local vertical crustal motions, too rapid for fluvial incision to have reduced the effect of knickzones caused by active faulting. In these uplifted areas, headward erosion has been arrested by knickzones of the second type, allowing the preservation of shallow-dell valley heads without any incision.  相似文献   

提高气介式超声波水位计测量精度的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄新建  周五一 《水文》2011,(4):71-75

分析了影响气介式超声波水位计水位测量精度的各种因素,提出了消除这些影响因素的对策措施。其中,对超声波水位计测量回波因距离、反射角和发射面的变化带来的误差进行了分析,提出了一种利用数字采样技术对超声波测量回波前沿进行分析补偿来提高测量精度的方法。采用该技术的气介式超声波水位计在回波信号强弱变化时,数据重复性明显提高,使较短时间的采样就可获得较好测量精度,适合野外功耗要求小而采用间歇工作的方式。  相似文献   

2009年秋季河南一次连阴雨天气成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孔海江  吴胜安  王蕊  赵培娟  乔春贵  吕晓娜 《气象与环境学报》2011,27(2):39-44

采用合成分析和动力诊断分析及统计方法,利用NCEP资料和常规气象观测资料对造成2009年9月6-20日河南省北中部地区15 d连阴雨天气成因进行分析.结果表明:200 hPa高空急流的出现并且维持,南亚高压的偏东偏北,副热带高压的偏西略偏北,以及边界层的东北风(或偏东风),是造成此次长连阴雨天气的主要影响因素;200 ...  相似文献   

县(市)绝对地震应急能力评估方法的初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

邓砚  聂高众  苏桂武 《地震地质》2011,33(1):36-44

县(市)地震应急能力的高低直接关系到中国整个地震应急工作的成效.从县(市)绝对地震应急能力的内涵分析出发,结合汶川地震灾区县(市)地震应急能力实地调研工作取得的认识,首先初步构建了县(市)绝对地震应急能力指标体系框架;然后以四川省县(市)为例,在遵循科学性、系统优化和可操作性原则的基础上,构建了围绕着1个目标层,设定5...  相似文献   

地市级地震局系统地震应急级别启动的讨论     

叶振民  蔡欣欣  刘仲达 《国际地震动态》2011,(7):34-37

以厦门市为例,从地震烈度衰减规律、当地社情及地市政府与省局政府职责的区别,讨论地市地震局应急预案应急级别启动条件与省局预案的差异和理由.  相似文献   

Local sea level change scenarios for the end of the 21st century and potential physical impacts in the lower Ria de Aveiro (Portugal)     

Carina L. Lopes  Alfredo Rocha 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(14):1515-1526

Sea level change is an important consequence of climate change due to its impact on society and ecosystems. Analyses of tide-gauge data have indicated that the global sea level has risen during the 20th century and several studies predict that the mean sea level will continue to rise during the 21st century, intensifying coastal hazards worldwide. In Portugal, the Ria de Aveiro is expected to be one of the regions most affected by sea level change.The main aim of this study is to evaluate the potential impacts of the mean sea level change on the hydrodynamics and morphodynamics of the Ria de Aveiro. With this purpose, local mean sea level change was projected for the period 2091-2100 relative to 1980-1999, for different Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) scenarios developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These projections revealed an increase in the mean sea level between 0.28 m under scenario B1 and 0.42 m under scenario A2.The results obtained for sea level rise scenario A2 projection were used to force the morphodynamic model MORSYS2D, previously implemented for the Ria de Aveiro. The modelling results were compared with model forecasts for the present sea level. The residual sediment transport and its balance at the lagoon inlet were computed and analysed for both situations. While the residual sediment transport is generally seaward, sediments tend to deposit inside the inlet due to the weak sediment transport at its mouth. The direction of the residual flux will not change with the sea level rise, but sediment fluxes will intensify, and accretion inside the inlet will increase.The rise in mean sea level will also affect the lagoon hydrodynamics. The tidal prism at the lagoon mouth will increase by about 28% in spring tide. In the lower lagoon only a slight increase of the tidal asymmetry is predicted.  相似文献   

井水位前驱波普遍性问题的探讨   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张淑亮  吕芳  李斌 《中国地震》2011,27(4):348-362

以山西、河北、内蒙等地5口映震能力较强的地下水位观测井为研究对象,对井水位前驱波普遍性问题进行了探讨.结果表明,强震井水位前驱波现象较为普遍,其比例可达65.1％(41/63);相同地震不同观测井前驱波特征各不相同,同一观测井在不同地震前的特征也各异,这可能与不同观测井具有不同的井-含水层结构以及不同地震前有着不同的震源参数有关;与单井水震波相比,震前有前驱波记录的次数略低于水震波,其比例在39.7％～50.7％之间;震前有前驱波记录的观测井占研究区观测井总数的比例可达66.7％.  相似文献   

新丰江水库地震序列的分段研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

万永芳  杨马陵 《华北地震科学》2011,(4):27-33

从新丰江水库地震序列分段、地震序列参数统计、地震序列分段与库水位关系等方面探讨新丰江地区的地震特征.结果表明:①水库地震全序列低b值(≤0.9)时段与大区域地震活动的增强存在一定的相关性,余震活动在一定程度上具有华南地区地震活动“窗口”的作用.②水库地震晚期余震释放阶段55个ML≥3.5级地震分序列研究显示,1975年...  相似文献   

导航电子地图生产过程中的质量控制方法     

李瑞月  肖成才  朱婧  马威  李宏利 《测绘软科学研究》2011,(5):42-45,70

从分析导航电子地图数据特点和质量特性入手,给出导航电子地图生产过程中从检测标准、质控设置、检验手段到质量改进的质量控制过程。  相似文献   

连续运行参考站实时动态测量技术在带状线路测量中应用     

苏志坚 《全球定位系统》2011,36(3):81-83

通过在30km长的带状线路上按5km、1km、0．5km和0．1km的间距对中线点进行采样,分别比较各相邻点之间的连续运行参考站实时动态测量技术（CORSRTK）高差与水准高差之间的差异,得出在采样点间距不大于1km时,该带状区域可以用相邻点之间的连续运行参考站（CORS）高差代替水准高差,结果可满足1：2000地形图测绘的高程精度需求,从而对于加快工程进度,缩短工期等具有较强的参考作用。  相似文献